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2020年江苏自考《英语（二）》本科复习试题6
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第一部分：阅读判断(第1～10题。每题1分.共10分)下面的短文后列出了10个句子。请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，选择A;如果该旬提供的是错误信息，选择B;如果该旬的信息文中没有提及。选择C。
1
回答1-10题
The First Settlement in North America
It is very difficult to say just when colonization began. The first hundred years after Christopher Columbus’s journey of discovery in 1492 did not produce any settlement on the North America continent but rather some Spanish trading posts further south, a great interest in gold and adventure and some colorful crimes in which the English had their part. John Cabot, originally from Genoa but a citizen of Venice was established as a trader in Bristol, England, when he made a journey in 1497. But his ship, the Matthew, with its crew of eighteen, did no more than see an island(probably off the New England coast) and return home. He and his son made further voyages across the north Atlantic which enabled the English crown to claim a "legal" title to North America. But for a long time afterwards the Europeans’ interest in America was mainly corffined to the Spanish activities further south.
The first beginning of permanent settlement in North America were nearly a hundred years after Columbus’s first voyage. The Englishman Sir Walter Raleigh claimed the whole of North America for England calling it Virginia. In 1585 he sent a small group of people who landed in Roanoke Island, but they stayed only for a year and then went back to England with another expedition led by Drake in 1587. A second group who landed in 1587 had all disappeared when a further expedition arrived in 1590.
The first permanent settlement in North America was in 1607. English capitalists founded two Virginia companies, a southern one based in London and a northern one based in Bristol. It was decided to give the name New England to the northern area. The first settlers in Virginia were little more than wage slaves to the company. All were men and the experiment was not very successful. Many died. Those who survived lived in miserable conditions. By 1619 the colony had only a thousand people.
We know for sure that colonization began at the end of the 15th century. ( )
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
2
Among the early settlers in South America in the 16th century were Spanish traders. ( )
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
3
With John Cabot’s arrival at an island off the New England coast in 1497,the British Crown claimed to be the legal owner of North America. ( )
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
4
There were eighteen people on board the Matthew during its voyage to North America in 1497. ( )
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
5
The first attempt made by European people to settle down permanently in North America occurred in the 1580s. ( )
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
6
The name Virginia was given to North America by Sir Waiter Raleigh. ( )
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
7
Sir Walter Raleigh sent some people to Virginia for a year in 1585. ( )
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
8
The first permanent settlement in North America was in 1607. ( )
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
9
The name New England was given to the northern area of North America by the boss of one of the two Virginia companies. ( )
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
10
The first settlers in Virginia were all slaves mixed with men andwomen. ( )
A.Riht
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
第二部分：阅读选择(第11～15题。每题2分，共10分)阅读下面短文。请从短文后所给各题的4个选项(A、B、C、D)中选出1个最佳选项。
11
回答11-15题
The Operation of International Airlines
International airlines have rediscovered the business traveler, the man or woman who regularly jets from country to country as part of the job. This does not necessarily mean that airlines ever abandoned their business travelers. Instead companies like Lufthansa and Swissair would right argue that they have always catered best for the executive clas passengers. But many airlines could be accused of concentrating too heavily in the recent past on attracting passengers by volume often at the expense of the regular traveler. Too often they have seemed geared for quantity rather than quality.
Operating a major airline is essentially a matter of finding the right mix of passengers. The airlines need to fill up the back end of their wide-bodied jets with low fare passengers, without forgetting that the front end should be filled with people who pay substantially more for their tickets.
It is no coincidence that the two major airline bankruptcies were among the companies specializing in cheap flights. But low fares require consistently full aircraft to make flights economically viable, and in the recent recession the volume of traffic has not grown. Equally the large number of airlines jostling for the available passengers has created a huge excess of capacity. The net result of excess capacity and cut-throat competition driving down fares had been to push some airlines into collapse and leave many others hovering on the brink.
Against this grim background, it is no surprise that airlines are turning increasingly towards the business travelers to improve their rates of return. They have invested much time and effort to establish exactly what the executive demands for sitting apart from the tourists.
High on the list of or iorities is ounctualitwan executive’s time is money. In-flight service is another area where the airlines are jostling for the executive’s attention. The free drinks and headsets and better food are all part of the lure.
Another development has been the accent of seating arrangements. Regular travelers have become well versed in the debate about seat pitch--the amount of room between each passenger. And first class passengers are now offered sleeperette seats, which, for long journeys make it possible to snatch a proper night’s sleep. Sleeper-ettes have proved so popular that they will soon become universal in the front end of most aircraft.
The airlines are also trying to improve things on the ground. Executive lounges are commonplace and intended to make the inevitable waiting between flights a little more bearable. Luggage handling is being improved. Regrettably, there is little the airlines can do to speed up the boring immigration and Customs process, which manages to upset and frustrate passengers of all classes in every continent.
Although it is the airlines’ intention to attract executive passengers from their rivals, the airlines themselves would nonetheless like to change one bad habit of this kind of traveler--the expensive habit of booking a flight and then failing to turn up. The practice is particularly widespread in Europe, where businessmen frequently book return journeys home one on several flights.
According to the passage in operating airlines it is essential to ( )
A.keep mind the need of the executives only
B.satisfy the need of the low fare passengers at the expense of the executives
C.try to attract as many passengers as possible by reducing fares
D.cater to the need of passengers sitting at both ends of the jets
12
The following are all mentioned as reasons why the airlines are having a hard time EXCEPT that ( )
A.the tourist industry is experiencing an all-time low
B.there is no increase in the number of passengers
C.there are more seats on the planes than needed
D.the competition between airlines is strong
13
The improvements the airlines attempt at include all the following EXCEPT ( )
A.making the seats more comfortable
B.providing better food during flights
C.showing more movies during the long flights
D.offering sleep erettes to first-class passengers
14
There is not much the airlines can do when it comes to ( )
A.making sure the departures are not delayed
B.the efficient handing procedure
C.speeding up customs procedure
D.the improvement of the condition of waiting lounges
15
Which of the following is a bad habit of the executive passengers that frustrates the airlines? ( )
A.They do not book their seats in advance.
B.They do not sit on the seats they are supposed to take.
C.They do not travel on the flight they have booked.
D.They do not oar in advance for the seats they book.
第三部分：概括段落大意和补全句子(第16～25题，每题1分，共10分)阅读下面短文。请完成短文后的2项测试任务：(1)从第16～20题后所给的6个选项中为第①～⑤段每段选择l个正确的小标题;(2)从第21～25题后所给的6个选项中选择5个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。
16
回答16-25题
Intelligence: a Changed View
__①__Intelligence was believed to be a fixed entitysome faculty of the mind that we all possess and which determines in some way the extent of our achievements.Its value therefore，was as a predictor of children’s future learnin9.If they differed markedly in their ability to 1earn complex tasks，then it was clearly necessary to educate them differently and the need for different types of sch001 and even different ability groups within school was obvious.Intelligence tests could be used for streaming children according to ability at an early age;and atll these tests were superior to measures of attainment for selecting children for different types of secondary education.
__②__ Today，we are beginning to think differently.In the last few years，research has thrown doubt on the view that innate intelligence can ever be measured and on the very nature of intelligence itself.
There is considerable evidence now which shows the great influence of environment both on achievement and intelligence.Children with poor home backgrounds not only do less welI in their school work and intelligence tests but their performance tends to deteriorate gradually compared with that of their more fortunate classmates.
__③__ There ate evidences that support the view that we have to distinguish between genetic intelligence and observed intelligence.Any deficiency in the appropriate genes will restrict development no matter how stimulating the environment.We cannot observe and measure innate intelligence，whereas we can observe and measure the effects of the interaction of whatever is inherited with whatever stimulation has been received from the environment.Researches have been investigating，vhat happens in this interaction.
__④__ Two major findings have emerged from these researches.FirstlY，the greater part of the development of observed intelligence occursin the earliest years of life.It is estimated that 50 per cent of measure able intelligence at age 17 is already predictable by the age of 4.Secondly.the most important factors in the environment are language and psychological aspects of the parent～child relationship.Much of the difference in measured intelligence between“privileged”and“disadvantaged”children may be due to the latter’s lack of appropriate verbal stimulation and the poverty of their perceptual experiences.
__⑤__ These research findings have led to a revision in our understanding of the nature of intelligence.Instead of it being some largely in herited fixed power of the mind，we now see it as a set of developed skills with which a person copes with any environment.These skills have to be learned and，indeed，one of them is learning how to learn.
Paragraph①______
A.Main Results of Recent Researches
B.Difference between Genetic and observed Intelligence
C.Effect of Environment on Intelligence
D.Intelligence and Achievement
E.Impact on School Education
F.A Changed View of Intelligence
17
Paragraph②______
A.Main Results of Recent Researches
B.Difference between Genetic and observed Intelligence
C.Effect of Environment on Intelligence
D.Intelligence and Achievement
E.Impact on School Education
F.A Changed View of Intelligence
18
Paragraph③______
A.Main Results of Recent Researches
B.Difference between Genetic and observed Intelligence
C.Effect of Environment on Intelligence
D.Intelligence and Achievement
E.Impact on School Education
F.A Changed View of Intelligence
19
Paragraph④______
A.Main Results of Recent Researches
B.Difference between Genetic and observed Intelligence
C.Effect of Environment on Intelligence
D.Intelligence and Achievement
E.Impact on School Education
F.A Changed View of Intelligence
20
Paragraph⑤______
A.Main Results of Recent Researches
B.Difference between Genetic and observed Intelligence
C.Effect of Environment on Intelligence
D.Intelligence and Achievement
E.Impact on School Education
F.A Changed View of Intelligence
21
It was once believed _______，and thus we can tell how successful he/she will be in the future according to his/her intelligence.
A.born to be more intelligent or less intelligent
B.have a better chance to develop his intelligence
C.can’t be observed and measured
D.that intelligence was something a baby was born with
E.and because of the lack of communication with his classmates
F.and partly has to do with a child’s living environment
22
More recent researches has shown that intelligence is only partly inherited __________.
A.born to be more intelligent or less intelligent
B.have a better chance to develop his intelligence
C.can’t be observed and measured
D.that intelligence was something a baby was born with
E.and because of the lack of communication with his classmates
F.and partly has to do with a child’s living environment
23
We can observe and measure observed intelligence，but genetic in Telligence________.
A.born to be more intelligent or less intelligent
B.have a better chance to develop his intelligence
C.can’t be observed and measured
D.that intelligence was something a baby was born with
E.and because of the lack of communication with his classmates
F.and partly has to do with a child’s living environment
24
It can be inferred from the passage that 8 child will_____if he has more opportunities to communicate with others by means of language.
A.born to be more intelligent or less intelligent
B.have a better chance to develop his intelligence
C.can’t be observed and measured
D.that intelligence was something a baby was born with
E.and because of the lack of communication with his classmates
F.and partly has to do with a child’s living environment
25
Children were not just_____，but they can be taught to be more intelligent at school
A.born to be more intelligent or less intelligent
B.have a better chance to develop his intelligence
C.can’t be observed and measured
D.that intelligence was something a baby was born with
E.and because of the lack of communication with his classmates
F.and partly has to do with a child’s living environment
第四部分：填句补文(第26～30题，每题2分。共10分)下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文。请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置。以恢复文章原貌。
26
回答26-30题
Make a Good First Impression
Have you ever been in a doctor’s waiting room and looked around at all the glum faces waiting impatiently to be seen? Dr. Stephen K. Sproul, a veterinarian in Raytown, Missouri, told of a typical spring day when his waiting room was full of clients waiting to have their pets inoculated.__26__He told one of our classes:"There were six or seven clients waiting when a young woman came in with a nine-month-old baby and a kitten.__27__ The next thing he knew, the baby just looked up at him with that great big smile that is so characteristic of babies. What did that gentleman do?
__28__ Soon he struck up a conversation with the woman about her and his grand children and soon the entire reception room joined in, and the boredom and tension were converted into a pleasant and enjoyable experience. "
The ancient Chinese were a wise lotwise in the ways of the world and they had a proverb that you and I ought to cut out and paste inside our hats. __29__ Your smile is a messenger of your goodwill. __30__ To someone who has seen a dozen people frown, scowl or turn their faces away your smile is like the sun breaking through the clouds. Especially when that someone is under pressure from his bosses, his customers, his teachers or parents or children, a smile can help him realize that all is not hopeless--that there is joy in the world.
请在第__26__处填上正确答案。
A.It goes like this,"A man without a smiling face must not open a shop. "
B.As luck would have it,she sat down next to a gentleman who was more than a little distraught about the long wait for service.
C.Just what you and I would do,of course;he smiled back at the baby.
D.No one was talking to anyone else, and all were probably thinking of a dozen other things they would rather be doing than"wasting time" sitting in that office.
E.Your smile brightens the lives of all who see it.
F.So naturally we are glad to see them.
27
请在第__27__处填上正确答案。
A.It goes like this,"A man without a smiling face must not open a shop. "
B.As luck would have it,she sat down next to a gentleman who was more than a little distraught about the long wait for service.
C.Just what you and I would do,of course;he smiled back at the baby.
D.No one was talking to anyone else, and all were probably thinking of a dozen other things they would rather be doing than"wasting time" sitting in that office.
E.Your smile brightens the lives of all who see it.
F.So naturally we are glad to see them.
28
请在第__28__处填上正确答案。
A.It goes like this,"A man without a smiling face must not open a shop. "
B.As luck would have it,she sat down next to a gentleman who was more than a little distraught about the long wait for service.
C.Just what you and I would do,of course;he smiled back at the baby.
D.No one was talking to anyone else, and all were probably thinking of a dozen other things they would rather be doing than"wasting time" sitting in that office.
E.Your smile brightens the lives of all who see it.
F.So naturally we are glad to see them.
29
请在第__29__处填上正确答案。
A.It goes like this,"A man without a smiling face must not open a shop. "
B.As luck would have it,she sat down next to a gentleman who was more than a little distraught about the long wait for service.
C.Just what you and I would do,of course;he smiled back at the baby.
D.No one was talking to anyone else, and all were probably thinking of a dozen other things they would rather be doing than"wasting time" sitting in that office.
E.Your smile brightens the lives of all who see it.
F.So naturally we are glad to see them.
30
请在第__30__处填上正确答案。
A.It goes like this,"A man without a smiling face must not open a shop. "
B.As luck would have it,she sat down next to a gentleman who was more than a little distraught about the long wait for service.
C.Just what you and I would do,of course;he smiled back at the baby.
D.No one was talking to anyone else, and all were probably thinking of a dozen other things they would rather be doing than"wasting time" sitting in that office.
E.Your smile brightens the lives of all who see it.
F.So naturally we are glad to see them.
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